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	<title>Internet Law - Rivera Law Group &#187; Copyright Infringement</title>
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		<title>Copyright Infringement</title>
		<link>http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/copyright_infringement.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 19 May 2010 19:43:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Internet Lawyer</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Copyright Infringement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Domingo J. Rivera Attorney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Attorney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Domingo Rivera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infringement Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Copyright Lawyer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Lawyer]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Internet Copyright Infringement

We have knowledge and experience in handling online copyright issues and Internet copyright disputes.  Whether someone has copied the contents of your website, has posted your copyrighted photos, music, or other creative works or whether you receive a copyright infringement cease and desist notice or are served with a lawsuit, we can provide you with Internet law assistance.  Attorney Domingo J. Rivera is a Computer Engineer with advanced knowledge in Internet technology.  Mr. Rivera also has an M.B.A. and advanced experience in managing complex technology projects for the Department of Defense.

Many Internet copyright infringement disputes arise when someone copies website text or code from another website. The perpetrator may copy the entire website or parts of it.  Effective handling of Internet copyright legal issues calls for the experience of an attorney who not only understands copyright laws, but who also understands Internet technology and Internet business competition.

As Internet copyright infringement attorneys, we understand the application of copyright laws to the Internet in order to swiftly and effectively shut down an infringing website or initiate appropriate Internet copyright infringement legal action.  We can also assist you to restore your website if it has been shutdown because of allegations of Internet copyright infringement.  We can advise you about the fair use and other applicable defenses.

We are also experienced in the interpretation and application of the U.S. Copyright Act, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and the circumvention of copy prevention measures. In the Internet age, the circumvention of technical protection measures can be actionable, even in the absence of actual copyright infringement in the traditional sense.  Criminal prosecutors who may not have the necessary proof to charge an individual with actual criminal copyright infringement may get around that by charging conspiracy to commit a crime (copyright infringement) instead.  Under those circumstances, the prosecutor does not even have to prove actual infringement.  Proving an agreement combined with an "overt act" is sufficient.

Some other important Internet copyright issues that we frequently encounter include:

Web Development Agreement copyright issues - Unless there is an agreement to the contrary, the creator of a website is the owner of the copyrightable elements of the website. These include the text, graphics, scripts, code, and the look and feel. In the absence of a well-written website development agreement, your developer will own the code developed for your website, and may even hold your website hostage or sue you for copyright infringement! Our online copyright attorneys are prepared to assist you with drafting website development contracts that adequately protect your rights.

Third-party posting copyright issues – You may be held legally liable for content posted by third-parties on your website. Our online copyright attorneys are experts in issues related to online copyright infringement, contributory copyright infringement and vicarious copyright infringement. Your cyber copyright lawyer from our firm can provide you advice on how to avoid liability online copyright infringement, contributory copyright infringement and vicarious copyright infringement.

Somebody stole the contents of your website – When this happens, you need an Internet lawyer who can provide you with a quick response to protect you online business from this serious type of copyright infringement. Whether the best approach to resolve your Internet copyright infringement matter is to issue a cease and desist notice, a Digital Millennium Copyright Act Takedown Notice, the filing of a lawsuit, other techniques, or a combination of tactics, our online copyright infringement lawyers can assist you in protecting one of your business' most important assets: your business' website.

Our Internet copyright infringement attorneys are experts in stopping Internet copyright infringement and protecting your intellectual property.  We frequently deal with Internet copyright infringement issues, for example:

    * A competitor copies the entirety of a business' website, only changing the company's name and contact information.  Many customers are confused and believe that the businesses are somehow affiliated.  Intervention from an Internet copyright infringement and intellectual property attorney is required to keep the competitor from continuing its intellectual property infringing conduct.
    * Our client's private copyrighted photos were posted on various amateur pornographic websites. The hosting company refused our client's initial attempts to get the pictures removed from the website, necessitating our Internet lawyer assistance.
    * We were retained by a client whose computer was hacked while he utilized a hotel's wi-fi connection. The hacker stole his copyrighted photographs and videos and posted them into various websites, adversely affecting our client's intellectual property rights,  reputation and future Internet business plans.
    * After competitor refuses to remove website contents unlawfully copied from a company's website.  The competitor argues that because the company did not register the contents, the website is not protected against the infringing conduct.  The assistance of a copyright infringement attorney is necessary to stop the competitor from further infringement under its incorrect interpretation of copyright and intellectual property laws.
    * A business receives a cease and desist letter accusing it of Internet copyright infringement.  The contents allegedly infringed do not meet the requirements necessary to be entitled to copyright protection.  An Internet copyright lawyer intervenes to stop the bullying and idle threats of litigation from the attorney sending the cease and desist letter.
    * A business' website is taken down as a result of false accusations of copyright infringement and DMCA website takedown demands.  Prompt action is required to restore the website and secure the survival of the business.
    * Our client was accused of being the leader of the most prolific Internet music piracy group in the world.  The charge consisted of conspiracy to commit copyright Infringement.  The charges were initially brought in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia located in Alexandria, Virginia.  The trial took place in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, located in Houston, Texas.  Our client elected to have is case tried by a Federal Jury.  Our technical knowledge assisted us in providing competent legal representation and bringing the case to a successful resolution.  Read More…

Whether you are an Internet Service Provider or an individual or business who is the victim of online copyright infringement, or whether you are accused of online copyright infringement, our copyright attorneys specialized in Internet law can help.

]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Internet Copyright Infringement</h3>
<p>We have knowledge and experience in handling online copyright issues and Internet copyright disputes.  Whether someone has copied the contents of your website, has posted your copyrighted photos, music, or other creative works or whether you receive a copyright infringement cease and desist notice or are served with a lawsuit, we can provide you with Internet law assistance.  Attorney Domingo J. Rivera is a Computer Engineer with advanced knowledge in Internet technology.  Mr. Rivera also has an M.B.A. and advanced experience in managing complex technology projects for the Department of Defense.</p>
<p>Many Internet copyright infringement disputes arise when someone copies website text or code from another website. The perpetrator may copy the entire website or parts of it.  Effective handling of Internet copyright legal issues calls for the experience of an attorney who not only understands copyright laws, but who also understands Internet technology and Internet business competition.</p>
<p>As Internet copyright infringement attorneys, we understand the application of copyright laws to the Internet in order to swiftly and effectively shut down an infringing website or initiate appropriate Internet copyright infringement legal action.  We can also assist you to restore your website if it has been shutdown because of allegations of Internet copyright infringement.  We can advise you about the fair use and other applicable defenses.</p>
<p>We are also experienced in the interpretation and application of the U.S. Copyright Act, the <a href="http://www.cyberinternetlawyer.com/DMCA.html">Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)</a>, the <a href="http://www.cyberinternetlawyer.com/Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act.html"> Computer Fraud and Abuse Act</a>, and the circumvention of copy prevention measures. In the Internet age, the circumvention of technical protection measures can be actionable, even in the absence of actual copyright infringement in the traditional sense.  Criminal prosecutors who may not have the necessary proof to charge an individual with actual criminal copyright infringement may get around that by charging conspiracy to commit a crime (copyright infringement) instead.  Under those circumstances, the prosecutor does not even have to prove actual infringement.  Proving an agreement combined with an &#8220;overt act&#8221; is sufficient.</p>
<p>Some other important Internet copyright issues that we frequently encounter include:</p>
<p>Web Development Agreement copyright issues &#8211; Unless there is an agreement to the contrary, the creator of a website is the owner of the copyrightable elements of the website. These include the text, graphics, scripts, code, and the look and feel. In the absence of a well-written website development agreement, your developer will own the code developed for your website, and may even hold your website hostage or sue you for copyright infringement! Our online copyright attorneys are prepared to assist you with drafting website development contracts that adequately protect your rights.</p>
<p>Third-party posting copyright issues – You may be held legally liable for content posted by third-parties on your website. Our online copyright attorneys are experts in issues related to online copyright infringement, contributory copyright infringement and vicarious copyright infringement. Your cyber copyright lawyer from our firm can provide you advice on how to avoid liability online copyright infringement, contributory copyright infringement and vicarious copyright infringement.</p>
<p>Somebody stole the contents of your website – When this happens, you need an Internet lawyer who can provide you with a quick response to protect you online business from this serious type of copyright infringement. Whether the best approach to resolve your Internet copyright infringement matter is to issue a cease and desist notice, a Digital Millennium Copyright Act Takedown Notice, the filing of a lawsuit, other techniques, or a combination of tactics, our online copyright infringement lawyers can assist you in protecting one of your business&#8217; most important assets: your business&#8217; website.</p>
<p>Our Internet copyright infringement attorneys are experts in stopping Internet copyright infringement and protecting your intellectual property.  We frequently deal with Internet copyright infringement issues, for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>A competitor copies the entirety of a business&#8217; website, only changing the company&#8217;s name and contact information.  Many customers are confused and believe that the businesses are somehow affiliated.  Intervention from an Internet copyright infringement and intellectual property attorney is required to keep the competitor from continuing its intellectual property infringing conduct.</li>
<li>Our client was notified by the Internet Service Provider (Comcast) that a subpoena had been issue for the our client&#8217;s identity.  The case involved allegations of copyright infringement of certain movies through Bit Torrent software. We filed a successful Motion to Quash the subpoena.  Read more about <a title="Bit Torrent Copyright Infringement Defense Motion to Quash" href="http://cyberlawyerblog.com/2011/10/06/copyright-law-pornographers.aspx" target="_blank">bit torrent copyright infringement defense</a>.</li>
<li>Our client&#8217;s private copyrighted photos were posted on various amateur pornographic websites. The hosting company refused our client&#8217;s initial attempts to get the pictures removed from the website, necessitating our Internet lawyer assistance.</li>
<li>We were retained by a client whose computer was hacked while he utilized a hotel&#8217;s wi-fi connection. The hacker stole his copyrighted photographs and videos and posted them into various websites, adversely affecting our client&#8217;s intellectual property rights,  reputation and future Internet business plans.</li>
<li>After competitor refuses to remove website contents unlawfully copied from a company&#8217;s website.  The competitor argues that because the company did not register the contents, the website is not protected against the infringing conduct.  The assistance of a copyright infringement attorney is necessary to stop the competitor from further infringement under its incorrect interpretation of copyright and intellectual property laws.</li>
<li>A business receives a cease and desist letter accusing it of Internet copyright infringement.  The contents allegedly infringed do not meet the requirements necessary to be entitled to copyright protection.  An Internet copyright lawyer intervenes to stop the bullying and idle threats of litigation from the attorney sending the cease and desist letter.</li>
<li>A business&#8217; website is taken down as a result of false accusations of copyright infringement and DMCA website takedown demands.  Prompt action is required to restore the website and secure the survival of the business.</li>
<li>Our client was accused of being the leader of the most prolific Internet music piracy group in the world.  The charge consisted of conspiracy to commit copyright Infringement.  The charges were initially brought in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia located in Alexandria, Virginia.  The trial took place in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, located in Houston, Texas.  Our client elected to have is case tried by a Federal Jury.  Our technical knowledge assisted us in providing competent legal representation and bringing the case to a successful resolution.  <a title="Copyright Infringement Defense Lawyer" href="http://cyber-crime-defense.com/category/musicpiracycase" target="_blank">Read More…</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Whether you are an Internet Service Provider or an individual or business who is the victim of online copyright infringement, or whether you are accused of online copyright infringement, our copyright attorneys practicing in Internet law can help.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Copyright</title>
		<link>http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/copyright.html</link>
		<comments>http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/copyright.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 May 2010 02:26:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Internet Lawyer</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Copyright Infringement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Misc. Internet Law Topics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyber Attorney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyber Lawyer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Copyright Infringement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Copyright Lawyer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Lawyer]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ Copyright

A copyright is the legal protection for the artistic and literary work that you create. Copyrightable items include music, books, websites, graphics, poetry, stories, and software. Your copyrighted works may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed without your consent.

Registration, although not required is advisable and important if you wish to protect your work. Copyright registration provides significant benefits, including evidence that you created your own works. It is significantly more difficult to maintain a legal action for copyright infringement when you have not obtained a copyright registration for your works and have to prove to a court that you actually created your own work.

Additionally, there are advantages in case you are faced with litigation. For example, if you are forced into litigation to protect your copyright rights, a court may award significant damages for copyright infringement, including statutory damages of up to $150,000, and reimbursement for your attorney's fees and costs for the infringement of your copyright rights.  However, under U.S. Copyright Laws, you obtain a copyright to your works the moment your works are created and registration is not required to maintain a cause of action for trademark infringement.  If your copyright is not registered, you will need to prove actual damages, as opposed to the presumed statutory damages provided for works protected by a registered copyright.

Even if your website is not registered, your content is still protected under U.S. Copyright Laws and you can maintain an action for Internet copyright infringement. As you Internet copyright infringement attorney, we understand Internet copyright laws,  U.S. Copyright Act, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and the application of copyright laws to Internet copyright matters.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Copyright</h3>
<p>A copyright is the legal protection for the artistic  and  literary work that you create. Copyrightable items include music, books,   websites, graphics, poetry, stories, and software. Your copyrighted  works may  not be copied, reproduced, distributed or displayed without your  consent.</p>
<p>Registration, although not required is advisable and  important  if you wish to protect your work. Copyright registration provides  significant  benefits, including evidence that you created your own works. It is  significantly more difficult to maintain a legal action for copyright  infringement when you have not obtained a copyright registration for  your works  and have to prove to a court that you actually created your own work.</p>
<p>Additionally, there are advantages in case you are  faced with  litigation. For example, if you are forced into litigation to protect  your  copyright rights, a court may award significant damages for copyright  infringement, including statutory damages of up to $150,000, and  reimbursement  for your attorney&#8217;s fees and costs for the infringement of your  copyright  rights.  However, under U.S. Copyright Laws, you obtain a copyright to  your  works the moment your works are created and registration is not required  to  maintain a cause of action for trademark  infringement.   If your copyright is not registered, you will need to prove actual  damages, as  opposed to the presumed statutory damages provided for works protected  by a  registered copyright.</p>
<p>Even if your website is not  registered,  your content is still protected under U.S. Copyright Laws and you can  maintain  an action for  <a href="http://www.cyberinternetlawyer.com/Copyright_Infringement.html"> Internet copyright infringement</a>. As you Internet copyright  infringement attorney, we  understand Internet copyright laws,  U.S. Copyright Act, the <a href="http://www.cyberinternetlawyer.com/DMCA.html">Digital Millennium  Copyright Act (DMCA)</a> and  the application of copyright laws to Internet copyright matters.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>DMCA</title>
		<link>http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/dmca.html</link>
		<comments>http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/dmca.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 May 2010 02:28:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Internet Lawyer</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Copyright Infringement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Misc. Internet Law Topics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Copyright Lawyer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyber Copyright Attorney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DMCA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Copyright Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Lawyer]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The Digital Millennium Copyright Act

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act - The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), codified in 17 U.S.C. § 512, amended the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976. The DMCA provides for severe civil and criminal penalties for circumventing technical measures protecting copyrighted works. The DMCA protects Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from liability arising from acts by the ISP’s customers. However, there are certain conditions that an ISP must meet in order to qualify for the Act’s safe harbor provisions.

To enjoy safe harbor protection, an ISP must:

1. Implement a policy to terminate infringers;

2. Designate a service provider agent for notification of claims of infringement.

3. Provide means to receive notice of infringement and upon obtaining notice act expeditiously to remove, or disable access to the infringing material; and

4. Have no actual knowledge of the infringing activity.

Whether you are an Internet Service Provider or an individual or business who is the victim of online copyright infringement, or whether you are accused of online copyright infringement, our copyright attorneys  practicing Internet law can provide you with the advice that applies to your particular situation.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>The Digital Millennium  Copyright Act</h3>
<p>The Digital Millennium Copyright Act &#8211; The  Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), codified in 17 U.S.C. § 512,  amended  the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976. The DMCA provides for severe civil and <a href="http://www.cyber-crime-defense.com/">criminal penalties</a> for circumventing technical measures protecting copyrighted works. The  DMCA  protects Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from liability arising from  acts by  the ISP’s customers. However, there are certain conditions that an ISP  must meet  in order to qualify for the Act’s safe harbor provisions.</p>
<p>To enjoy safe harbor protection, an ISP  must:</p>
<p>1. Implement a policy to terminate  infringers;</p>
<p>2. Designate a service provider agent  for  notification of claims of infringement.</p>
<p>3. Provide means to receive notice of  infringement and upon obtaining notice act expeditiously to remove, or  disable  access to the infringing material; and</p>
<p>4. Have no actual knowledge of the  infringing  activity.</p>
<p>Whether you are an Internet Service  Provider  or an individual or business who is the victim of online copyright  infringement,  or whether you are accused of online copyright infringement, our  copyright  attorneys  practicing Internet law can provide you with the advice that applies to your particular situation.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Criminal Copyright Infringement Statute</title>
		<link>http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/criminalcopyrightinfringement.html</link>
		<comments>http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/criminalcopyrightinfringement.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 May 2010 02:51:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Internet Lawyer</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Computer Crime Defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Copyright Infringement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Criminal Copyright Infringement Statute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet Lawyer]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cyberinternetlawyer.com/?p=147</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ Criminal  Copyright Infringement
18 U.S.C. § 2319. Criminal infringement of a copyright
(a) Whoever violates section 506 (a) (relating to criminal offenses) of title 17 shall be punished as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section and such penalties shall be in addition to any other provisions of title 17 or any other law.
(b) Any person who commits an offense under section 506 (a)(1) of title 17—
(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the reproduction or distribution, including by electronic means, during any 180-day period, of at least 10 copies or phonorecords, of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of more than $2,500;
(2) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense is a second or subsequent offense under paragraph (1); and
(3) shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, in any other case.
(c) Any person who commits an offense under section 506 (a)(2) of title 17, United States Code—
(1) shall be imprisoned not more than 3 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the reproduction or distribution of 10 or more copies or phonorecords of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of $2,500 or more;
(2) shall be imprisoned not more than 6 years, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense is a second or subsequent offense under paragraph (1); and
(3) shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense consists of the reproduction or distribution of 1 or more copies or phonorecords of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of more than $1,000.
(d)
(1) During preparation of the presentence report pursuant to Rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, victims of the offense shall be permitted to submit, and the probation officer shall receive, a victim impact statement that identifies the victim of the offense and the extent and scope of the injury and loss suffered by the victim, including the estimated economic impact of the offense on that victim.
(2) Persons permitted to submit victim impact statements shall include—
(A) producers and sellers of legitimate works affected by conduct involved in the offense;
(B) holders of intellectual property rights in such works; and
(C) the legal representatives of such producers, sellers, and holders.
(e) As used in this section—
(1) the terms “phonorecord” and “copies” have, respectively, the meanings set forth in section 101 (relating to definitions) of title 17; and
(2) the terms “reproduction” and “distribution” refer to the exclusive rights of a copyright owner under clauses (1) and (3) respectively of section 106 (relating to exclusive rights in copyrighted works), as limited by sections 107 through 122, of title 17.

If you are accused of criminal copyright infringement, you need experienced and competent legal representation. A cybercrime defense lawyer with our firm can assist you. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Criminal  Copyright  Infringement</h3>
<div>
<h2>18 U.S.C. § 2319.  	Criminal infringement of a copyright</h2>
</div>
<div>
<div>(a) Whoever   		violates section 506 (a) (relating to criminal offenses) of title 17  		shall be punished as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this  section  		and such penalties shall be in addition to any other provisions of  title  		17 or any other law.</div>
<div>(b) Any  		person who commits an offense under section 506 (a)(1) of title 17—</p>
<div>(1) 			shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years, or  			fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense  			consists of the reproduction or distribution, including by  			electronic means, during any 180-day period, of at least 10 copies  			or phonorecords, of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total  			retail value of more than $2,500;</div>
<div>(2) 			shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, or  			fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense  			is a second or subsequent offense under paragraph (1); and</div>
<div>(3) 			shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or  			fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, in any other  			case.</div>
</div>
<div>(c) Any  		person who commits an offense under section 506 (a)(2) of title 17,  		United States Code—</p>
<div>(1) 			shall be imprisoned not more than 3 years, or  			fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense  			consists of the reproduction or distribution of 10 or more copies or  			phonorecords of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total  			retail value of $2,500 or more;</div>
<div>(2) 			shall be imprisoned not more than 6 years, or  			fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense  			is a second or subsequent offense under paragraph (1); and</div>
<div>(3) 			shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year, or  			fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if the offense  			consists of the reproduction or distribution of 1 or more copies or  			phonorecords of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total  			retail value of more than $1,000.</div>
</div>
<div>(d)</p>
<div>(1) 			During preparation of the presentence report  			pursuant to Rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure,  			victims of the offense shall be permitted to submit, and the  			probation officer shall receive, a victim impact statement that  			identifies the victim of the offense and the extent and scope of the  			injury and loss suffered by the victim, including the estimated  			economic impact of the offense on that victim.</div>
<div>(2) 			Persons permitted to submit victim impact  			statements shall include—</p>
<div>(A) 				producers and sellers of legitimate works  				affected by conduct involved in the offense;</div>
<div>(B) 				holders of intellectual property rights in  				such works; and</div>
<div>(C) 				the legal representatives of such  				producers, sellers, and holders.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>(e) 		As used in this section—</p>
<div>(1) 			the terms “phonorecord” and “copies” have,  			respectively, the meanings set forth in section 101 (relating to  			definitions) of title 17; and</div>
<div>(2) the  			terms “reproduction” and “distribution” refer to the exclusive  			rights of a copyright owner under clauses (1) and (3) respectively  			of section 106 (relating to exclusive rights in copyrighted works),  			as limited by sections 107 through 122, of title 17.</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>If you are accused of criminal copyright   infringement, you need experienced and competent legal representation. A   cybercrime defense lawyer with our firm can assist you.</p>
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